Condition
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
The silent killer — usually no symptoms, but quietly damaging heart, brain, and kidneys.
What it is
Blood pressure consistently above 140/90 mmHg is hypertension. Most patients feel completely normal — that is exactly why regular checks are vital. Untreated, BP causes heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and kidney failure.
Symptoms
- Often none
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nosebleed in severe cases
- Vision blurring
Risk factors
- Family history
- Excess salt
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Alcohol
- Stress
- Kidney disease
How it's diagnosed
- Office BP measurement (multiple readings)
- Home BP monitoring
- 24-hour Ambulatory BP monitoring
- Tests to find secondary causes in young patients
Treatment options
- Lifestyle: low salt, weight loss, exercise, no smoking, limited alcohol
- Medication — usually 1–3 drugs to reach target
- Treat secondary causes (renal artery stenosis, sleep apnoea, hormonal)
Prevention
- Salt under 5g/day
- 30 minutes exercise daily
- Maintain healthy weight
- Check BP every 6 months after age 35
FAQ
Questions patients ask us most
Do I have to take BP medicine for life?+
Most patients do, but some with mild BP and excellent lifestyle change can reduce or stop medicines under doctor supervision.
What is a safe BP target?+
Generally below 130/80 mmHg. For elderly or diabetics, the target is individualised.
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